What is the global average literacy rate?

The global average adult literacy rate is approximately 86.7%.

How many people worldwide cannot read?

Approximately 770 million adults lack basic literacy skills, with the majority in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

Has literacy been improving?

Yes, dramatically. Global literacy rose from about 42% in 1960 to 87% today.

Is there a gender gap in literacy?

Yes, about two-thirds of illiterate adults are women, though the gap is closing as female school enrollment increases.

Global Average Literacy Rate

Last updated: January 21, 2026

86.7%

The global average literacy rate is approximately 86.7%. While literacy has improved dramatically — from about 42% in 1960 to 87% today — around 770 million adults still lack basic reading and writing skills.

Historical Trend

Source: UNESCO

Global Average Literacy Rate by Country

Country	Value (%) ↓	Source
Finland	100	UNESCO
Japan	99	UNESCO
United States	99	UNESCO
China	97	UNESCO
Brazil	93	UNESCO
India	74	UNESCO
Nigeria	62	UNESCO
Niger	19	UNESCO

Why This Average Exists

Literacy is a foundational skill for economic participation, democratic engagement, and personal empowerment.

Factors That Affect Global Average Literacy Rate

Education spending
School enrollment rates
Gender equality
Language policies
Poverty levels
Conflict and displacement

Frequently Asked Questions

Methodology & Data Sources

The data presented on this page is compiled from publicly available datasets published by international organizations including the World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations, NASA, and national statistical agencies.

Global averages are calculated using population-weighted or arithmetic means depending on the metric. Country-level data reflects the most recent available figures, typically from 2024–2024. Where gaps exist, the latest available data point is used.

All figures are subject to revision as source organizations update their datasets. For the most authoritative data, we encourage consulting the original sources linked in the table above.